Sunday, October 29, 2017

Global Heritage Alliance's website


Global Heritage Alliance's website is now live.
Check it out! http://global-heritage.org/


Priorities:

I. Restore balance in U.S. government policy in favor of fostering appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and the preservation of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public.

II. Promote responsible collecting and stewardship of archaeological and ethnological objects.

Saturday, October 28, 2017

GHA Priority IA: Protect our treasures from grasping foreign authoritarians.


Priority I
I. Restore balance in U.S. government policy in favor of fostering appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and the preservation of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public.
A. Protect our treasures from grasping foreign authoritarians.
Contest efforts to make it easier for the government to seize and forfeit art and antiquities deemed cultural property long in U.S. collections based on obscure foreign laws. Archaeological advocacy groups with ties to foreign authoritarian governments lobbied for the introduction of last term’s proposed Terrorism Art and Antiquity Revenue Prevention Act (“TAAR”) as an anti-terrorist financing measure. That bill would have dramatically lowered the bar for criminal prosecutions based on other nations’ cultural patrimony laws. TAAR empowered federal prosecutors to charge individuals for possession of any object valued over $50 illegally removed from another country. As proposed, the bill would have turned millions of collectors, thousands of small businesses that trade in art and antiquities, and hundreds of museums into criminals overnight. TAAR died at the end of the last Congressional session, but is expected to be reintroduced in some form this term. We oppose criminal liability being predicated on obscure foreign laws, particularly those of authoritarian and dictatorial regimes. To the extent such laws should be honored here at all, any liability should only be prospective and based on foreign laws accessible on public web sites that vest clear title in a foreign country and which are consistently enforced at home.

GHA Priority IB: Protect Lawful Trade

I. Restore balance in U.S. government policy in favor of fostering appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and the preservation of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public. 

B. Facilitate lawful trade in cultural artifacts openly and legally available for sale abroad. 
The Cultural Property Implementation Act (“CPIA”) limits the President’s authority to enter into Memorandums of Understanding (“MOUs”) with other countries that contemplate imposing import restrictions on cultural goods.  The CPIA makes entering into such MOUS contingent upon:

  • A specific request that “must be accompanied by a written statement of facts known to the [1970 UNESCO Convention] State Party.” CPIA, 19 U.S.C. § 2602 (a) (3).
  • Specific findings that: (a)  any restricted archaeological artifacts were “first discovered within” and are “subject to export control” by the State Party seeking restrictions (Id. § 2601 (2) (C)); (b) any restricted archaeological artifacts are of “cultural significance” and any restricted ethnological objects are “the product of a tribal or non-industrial society”  and “important” to the “cultural heritage of a people”  (Id. § 2601 (2) (C) (i) (I)) and (ii) (II); (c) less drastic remedies than import restrictions are unavailable (Id. § 2602 (a) (1) (C) (ii)); and (d) any restrictions are part of a “concerted international response” of other State Parties to the 1970 UNESCO Convention. Id. § 2602 (a) (1) (C) (i).  
  • Moreover, the CPIA set up a panel of experts, the Cultural Property Advisory Committee (“CPAC”), to assist the President in his decision making.  Id. § 2605.
  • In practice, the State Department (which has received a presidential delegation of authority) ignores all these limitations and instead imposes the broadest possible import restrictions in the interests of promoting “good will” with other countries.  CPAC was set up to help ensure the decision maker would balance restrictions against the benefits in terms of people to people contacts and the appreciation of other cultures collecting fosters.  Unfortunately, CPAC is currently packed with supporters of the archaeological lobby’s extremist views.  Moreover, archaeological advocacy groups’ support for broad restrictions have given the State Department political cover from the charge that import restrictions only disadvantage American citizens, museums and small businesses without having more than a negligible impact on looting.  
  • We will advocate to ensure membership of CPAC reflects the interests of the public, the trade and museums rather than solely the interests of the archaeological lobby.  
  • We will advocate moving CPAC to the Commerce Department to end built in conflict of interest in having the State Department administer program as a quid pro quo for other State Department initiatives and/or based on cronyism between staff and archaeological lobby.  
  • We will propose legislative fixes to facilitate lawful trade in cultural artifacts on designated lists openly and legally available for sale and export in other UNESCO state parties.

GHA Priority IC: . Restore balance in U.S. government policy: End Embargoes


I. Restore balance in U.S. government policy in favor of fostering appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and the preservation of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public.

C. End embargos so theydon’t hurt legitimate collecting. 

  • The CPIA only authorizes import restrictions on objects of archeological or ethnological interest first discovered within and subject to export control of a specific UNESCO State Party, and such objects may only be seized if they were exported from that State Party after the date they were “designated” in regulations,
  • U.S. Customs ignores these limitations on its authority.  Import restrictions are drafted based on place of manufacture in the past rather than find spot as provided in statute.  Moreover, seizures are made based on date of import into the U.S. rather than on a showing that the cultural property was illicitly exported after the date objects were designated.  This has changed the entire focus of the CPIA from targeted restrictions meant to prevent looting of archaeological sites into an embargo on all objects made by a particular culture in the past.  
  • We will encourage Congressional oversight over the U.S. Customs implementation of import restrictions.  

GHA Priority ID: Protect sacred Native American artifacts and collecting too.


GHA Priority  I. Restore balance in U.S. government policy in favor of fostering appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and the preservation of archeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public.

D. Protect sacred Native American artifacts and collecting too:
GHA considers that the Safeguard Tribal Objects of Patrimony Act, (STOP Act)  creates dangerous uncertainties for private owners of a wide range of Indian art, generated consumer confusion that would damage legitimate art dealers and tribal artisans, and a bureaucratic nightmare for the tribes. [the GHA discusses these detailed problems here]  GHA says it will be working with other interested collector and museum groups to ensure Congress is aware of serious concerns about this bill.

This is necessary to provide balance in US government policy, not treating one category of cultural artifact as privileged over other expressions of our nation's patrimony and allow appreciation of ancient and indigenous cultures and foster the preservation of archeological and ethnographic artifacts for the education and enjoyment of the American public.

Friday, October 27, 2017

GHA Priority IIA: Promote reasonable due diligence.


GHA Priority II: Promote responsible collecting and stewardship of archaeological and ethnological objects.

 A. Promote reasonable due diligence.

GHA encourages all collectors, dealers and museums to exercise reasonable levels of due diligence before purchasing archeological or ethnological objects. Generally speaking, lack of documented provenance is not an immediate indication that the object is illicit. Many objects appear on the market without a detailed collection history. In many cases, this is because objects have passed through numerous hands and previous owner(s) did not receive, lost or threw away relevant documentation and/or did not believe that it was important to retain. Given this reality, due diligence for new acquisitions will depend on several factors, including the value of the object, how common it is, and its potential origin. Every reasonable effort should then be made to ensure any provenance information about the object is transferred along with the object.

GHA also indicates that it will examine the feasibility of creating databases of archeological and/or ethnological objects which will help transmit their collecting history.

Quite obviously the emphasis here is on the notion of what is reasonable. As every collector knows, many objects appear on the market without a detailed collection history and this is not an immediate indication that the object is illicit.  The principle of 'innocent until proven guilty' must apply and is so often forgotten. The onus is on the accuser to demonstrate that an item is indeed illicit.


While the notion of databases of archeological and/or ethnological objects which will help transmit their collecting history.is in principle a good idea, it must be a voluntary scheme. While museums must be included, few private collectors would welcome governm,ent agencies or other bodies haviong the right to inspect what they have and hold in their own homes. There must also be a mechasnism in place to guarantee collectors that objects on US soil and made visible on such a database are exempt from seizure by federal authorities or foreign governments who may spot them and attempt to claim them.


GHA Priority IIB Safe Harbor

GHA Priority II. Promote responsible collecting and stewardship of archaeological and ethnological objects.
B. Promote safe harbor for archaeological and ethnological artifacts from war zones.

GHA advocate safe harbor for antiquities and ethnological objects from war zones brought to the U.S. that are held for their protection and display in recognized public institutions, pending their return at such time that peace is reestablished and the object’s safety can be guaranteed.
Meanwhile this will foster appreciation of the ancient and indigenous cultures which produdced them and allow their preservation of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts and their accessible display for the education and enjoyment of the American public.

GHA Priority IIC. Promote responsible archeology.


GHA Priority IIC  C. Promote responsible archeology.
GHA advocates that archeological digs should be subject to reasonable regulation aimed at ensuring site security, the prompt publication of finds and the provision for fair, living wages for local employees.  
Global Heritage Alliance thinks that the archeological profession opposed to the private collection of artifacts itself is in need of closer regulation to combat the abuses that so often are covered-up. Archaeologists who complain about looting of archeological sites need to do more to make sure that they are properly protected from theft, even when they themselves are not on site. In order to prevent local people who have worked on the digs coming back between seasons to rob them, using the knowledge they gained while working there, should be paid a fair living wage to remove the temptation. All finds from archeological excavations must be promptly published with sanctions against those who do not comply. The GHA should begin pressurising archaeological organizations like the AIA and SAA to make sure these measures towards a more responsible archeology are introduced immediately.

Wednesday, October 25, 2017

Amazing Troupe l'oeil Mosaic





‘Drinking Doves of Sosos’, 1st c. BC mosaic from a Roman house that lies just outside Mdina, where once was the Roman city of Melita  Malta




Monday, October 16, 2017

Little Public Support for Renewed MOU with Cambodia


There was a poor public response to the call for comments to CPAC for the renewal of the MOU with corrupt Cambodia. This suggests low public support for this idea. As Peter Tompa points out:
Indeed, though most of the twenty-one (21) comments were supportive of the renewed MOU, virtually all these came from archaeologists who depend on Cambodian excavation permits or their associated archaeological advocacy groups. Meanwhile, it is finally dawning on some in Congress that MOUs have devolved into special interest programs for archaeologists. Significantly, Congressional appropriators have required CPAC to report on the expenditures of MOU partner countries make in securing their own cultural patrimony. Hopefully, this will help change a culture that has vilified collectors to help divert attention away from poor stewardship of archaeological resources by source countries.

Friday, October 13, 2017

United States will withdraw from the Absurd UNESCO


President Donald Trump and UN Ambassador Nikki Haley


The United States will withdraw from the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, (UNESCO), effective December 31, 2018. This was the response to the agency's decision "to designate the Old City of Hebron and the Tomb of the Patriarchs as part of Palestinian territory and a World Heritage site despite protests by the United States, Israel, and other countries," according to the US Mission. The US had stopped providing funding to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, when members voted in 2011 to recognize Palestine as a member. 

US Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley said that,
“The purpose of UNESCO is a good one. Unfortunately, its extreme politicization has become a chronic embarrassment. The Tomb of the Patriarchs decision was just the latest in a long line of foolish actions, which includes keeping Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad on a UNESCO human rights committee even after his murderous crackdown on peaceful protestors. Just as we said in 1984 when President Reagan withdrew from UNESCO, US taxpayers should no longer be on the hook to pay for policies that are hostile to our values and make a mockery of justice and common sense.” 

As soon as the Trump Administration announced its intention of leaving UNESCO, Israel promptly followed suit, announcing its own plans to withdraw:
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu said he had instructed his foreign ministry to prepare Israel's withdrawal from UNESCO in parallel with the US. "I welcome President Trump's decision to withdraw from UNESCO," he said in a statement posted to Facebook. "This is a courageous and ethical decision because UNESCO has become a theater of the absurd and instead of preserving history, distorts it."
In the UNESCO response to our leaving, much was made of the work of the organization "to protect humanity’s shared cultural heritage in the face of terrorist attacks and to prevent violent extremism through education and media literacy". The idea you can stop ISIS with books is laughable. 

UNESCO is yet another organisation ruined by Muslims. The US and Israel have won a huge victory against Islam. A year from now and UNESCO wont exist and Palestine will find itself short of hundreds of millions of dollars it was receiving.

Thursday, October 12, 2017

Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life


Reuters: 'Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life'
In the modernist but faded headquarters of UNESCO, the U.N.’s cultural agency on Paris’s elegant Left Bank, more than a few diplomats wandered the corridors on Friday wondering if the organisation has a future. The agency, founded in the ashes of World War Two to protect the common cultural inheritance of humanity, was due to elect a new head later in the day. But a sudden announcement that the United States was quitting over anti-Israel bias meant that whoever wins the top job would inherit a body in turmoil, with huge questions over its future funding and mission.[...] For some of its diplomats, Washington’s decision to quit represented a corner being turned, and puts even more pressure on whoever is elected to lead it. “This is the most critical election. There can’t be four more years like this,” said a Western diplomat, bemoaning the leadership of outgoing director Irina Bokova of Bulgaria, whose critics say she failed to persuade member states to pay their dues and stop politicizing UNESCO’s work.[...]
Without U.S. money, UNESCO, which employs around 2,000 people worldwide, has been forced to cut programmes, freeze hiring and fill gaps with voluntary contributions. Its 2017 budget was about $326 million, almost half its 2012 budget.  Including the United States, which has some $542 million in arrears, the organisation is owed almost $650 million, according to figures on its website. At this stage, UNESCO officials still don’t know if the United States will make up its arrears before it officially exits on Dec. 31, 2018.
Other major contributors such as Japan, Britain, and Brazil have also yet to pay their dues for 2017, sometimes citing objections to the body’s policies. “The fact is that UNESCO was all about solidarity and creating a climate for peace between countries, but nations now use their dues to influence programmes,” said a UNESCO-based diplomat. “That needs to change.” Japan, for example, has threatened to withhold dues over the inclusion of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre in the body’s “Memory of the World” programme. Russia and Ukraine have been at odds over Crimea, with Kiev accusing Moscow of trying to legitimise its annexation of the territory through UNESCO. “Whoever takes over at the helm has to tackle this head on. They need to find ways of getting nations to talk these issues through, but if they can‘t, then the director-general needs to be able to say ‘no’ and kill these texts,” said a second UNESCO-based diplomat. Unlike at the U.N. Security Council, where five powers wield a veto, UNESCO takes decisions based on majority votes, either of its General Secretariat that includes all 195 nations, or of the 58-member Executive Board. Israel says this creates a built-in majority for states that are hostile to it. Big countries like the United States that provide most of the funding say their single votes give them little input into how their money is spent.

Cambodia MOU Extension Due

Wednesday, October 11, 2017

Archaeologists for Assad?


Assad crony Abdukarim

UNESCO's Bulgarian Ex-Communist Director-General has praised Syria's Director-General for Antiquities and Museums in glowing terms. “'When history books teach children about those who contributed to conserving Syrian heritage during the devastating conflict in Syria, Dr Maamoun Abdulkarim will be at the top of the list, along with all others who have been so dedicated and deserving of the world’s respect for their relentless, humanist commitment', said UNESCO Director General, Irina Bokova."

 What appears lost on UNESCO and members of the archaeological lobby who have also sung Abdukarim's praises is the fact that the Assad regime, which Abdulkarim serves, itself has been responsible not only for mass murder, but for the looting and the intentional destruction of Syrian cultural patrimony. "Indeed, Assad, like other Arab Strongmen, appears all too willing to use and abuse archaeology for his regime's own political purposes. So, why should Abdulkarim be praised at all?" asks Peter Tompa.



Sunday, October 8, 2017

Troubled UNESCO begins picking new leader


Troubled UNESCO begins picking new leader. A key task for new head of UN cultural body is to regain US funding, suspended over perceived anti-Israel bias (AFP and Times of Israel staff). The current director-general, Irina Bokova, has come across as wanting a good relationship with Israel. We'll see what happens when she steps down and a new leader is elected.


Friday, October 6, 2017

"In Gaza, Hamas levels an ancient Canaanite archaeological treasure/



Much of the 4,500-year-old Bronze Age city known as Tel Es-Sakan is being bulldozed to make way for construction projects and military bases (Fares Akram, "In Gaza, Hamas levels an ancient Canaanite archaeological treasure/" Times of Israel  October 6, 2017),
Palestinian and French archaeologists began excavating Gaza’s earliest archaeological site nearly 20 years ago, unearthing what they believe is a rare 4,500-year-old Bronze Age settlement. But over protests that grew recently, Gaza’s Hamas rulers have systematically destroyed the work since seizing power a decade ago, allowing the flattening of this hill on the southern tip of Gaza City to make way for construction projects, and later military bases. There is a clear destruction of a very important archaeological site,” said Palestinian archaeology and history professor Mouin Sadeq, who led three excavations at the site along with French archaeologist Pierre de Miroschedji after its accidental discovery in 1998. “I don’t know why the destruction of the site was approved.”
It is among the earliest sites indicating the emergence of the “urban society” concept in the Near East, when communities were transforming from farming villages around 4,000 BC, and it was on trade routes between Egypt and the Levant, The area “was the first city of Palestine to have a city wall,”

Wednesday, October 4, 2017

Cambodia’s Corrupt, Anti-Democratic Government seeks 5-Year Renewal of MOU



Cambodia is seeking a renewal of a US Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to embargo import of all artifacts. In the meanwhile its government is crushing the free press, imprisoning political opponents and dumping US ties in favor of China. The Cambodian MOU has been in place, and ever-expanding in scope, since 1999. The request will be considered by the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, meeting at the Department of State on October 23-24. All comments from the public must be submitted in writing by October 15, 2017. Use http://www.regulations.gov, enter the docket [DOS-2017-0036] and follow the prompts to submit comments.

Thousands of Artifacts Missing from Britain's top museums


Who oversees the custodians? Thousands of artifacts 'missing' from Britain's top museums: ICOM must take Note and issue guidance concerning security.


Tuesday, October 3, 2017

Hypocrisy: A state for the Palestinians but not for the Kurds or Catalonia


“From the river to the sea Palestine will be free”
 – of Jews and of Israel. This is an Arab Final Solution
Since the Arab “spring” with its multiple civil wars broke out, the Kurds are the one nation that have managed to remain united and hold on tot their territory, retaking control and a semblance of independence after decades of repression by the Arab countries who previously controlled their territory. They have been amongst the prime fighters against ISIS and have stayed out of the Israeli-Arab conflict altogether. [...] Last week the Kurds held a referendum amongst its people asking if they wanted independence. The answer of course was a resounding yes. However the answer from almost the entire world (the UN, the US, Iran, Iraq, Turkey) was a resounding “no”, or a hostile neutral silence. The only country that lent its solid support to the Kurdish nation was Israel.
We should all pray that Kurds are successful in their bid for independence and that there will be a peaceful solution to this brewing crisis. Shame on the world for denying this brave, big-hearted people their rightful claim to their own territory and self-determination.
But somehow, the Palestinians, who already have independence from Israel, and who run their own affairs, are considered perfectly legitimate when they demand not only independence, but an end to the State of Israel. They demand this loudly and clearly and can be heard in demonstrations across the world: “From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free”. This is no less than an Arabic “final solution” for the Jews. In case you haven’t looked at a map lately, the space between the river (Jordan) to the (Mediterranean) Sea is occupied, for want of a better word, by Israel with over 6 million Jews as well as another 2 million Muslims, Christians and other minorities.
"Hypocrisy: A state for the Palestinians but not for the Kurds or Catalonia" Anne's Opinions 2 Oct 2017